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G protein-coupled receptors provide attractive targets for drug therapy due to the sheer size and diversity of ligands within this receptor family. G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) GPR41 and GPR43 are related members of a homologous family of orphan G protein-coupled receptors that are tandemly encoded at a single chromosomal locus in both humans and mice. GPR43 functions as a ligand for short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), notably acetate and propionate. Bacteria in the gut produce high concen

This gene encodes a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. The encoded protein is found in an inactive cytoplasmic form that upon serine/threonine phosphorylation forms a complex with CREBBP. This complex translocates to the nucleus and activates the transcription of interferons alpha and beta, as well as other interferon-induced genes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, No

Involved in centrosome duplication and mitotic progression.

Exendin 4 is a 39 amino acid peptide found in venom from the Gila monster Helicoderma suspectum. It is a member of the glucagon secretin family of peptide hormones and neuropeptides. Exendin 4 is a potent agonist of the GLP1 receptor and hence a potent stimulator of insulin secretion.

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) have taken center stage in the field of signal transduction. The enzymes responsible for the production of ROS and RNS have been unraveled and the participation of these species in numerous signaling pathways has been documented. The next step is to identify the targets of ROS and RNS and the mechanisms by which they alter their activity in the affected signaling pathway. This book provides relevant chemistry that can be applied across signali

CD80 is a member of the Ig superfamily and serves as the ligand for two T cell molecules, CD28 and CTLA4. Interactions between CD28 and CD80 on activated B cells result in enhanced T cell activation. CD80 is rapidly induced on the surface of in vitro activated B cells, Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) transformed B cell lines, Burkitts lymphoma cell lines, freshly isolated follicular B lymphoma cells, T cells, and monocytes. It is also expressed at high levels in dendritic cells. It reacts weakly w